Violence Prevention: Primary Prevention Interventions to Reduce Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence Among Youth
Summary of CPSTF Finding
Intervention
Interventions in this review provide information about warning signs for, or consequences of, intimate partner and sexual violence. They may also include one or more of the following strategies:
- Teach healthy relationship skills
- Promote social norms that protect against violence
- Create protective environments
More information about each strategy can be found in the following CDC reports:
- Preventing Intimate Partner Violence Across the Lifespan: A Technical Package of Programs, Policies, and Practices
- STOP SV: A Technical Package to Prevent Sexual Violence
Interventions may be implemented in schools (middle school, high school, or college), at home, in communities, or in a combination of settings. They may target groups at high risk for violence or the general population, both of which may include youth who have already experienced or perpetrated intimate partner or sexual violence.
This review did not include studies that evaluated programs focused exclusively on reducing the risk of victimization (e.g., self-defense training).
CPSTF Finding and Rationale Statement
Promotional Materials
About The Systematic Review
The systematic review was conducted on behalf of the CPSTF by a team of specialists in systematic review methods, and in research, practice, and policy related to intimate partner violence and sexual violence.
Context
This systematic review was focused on primary prevention of perpetration of violence. While victimization outcomes were included when the perpetration studies included them, this review did not include studies that evaluated programs focused exclusively on reducing the risk of victimization.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends providers engage in secondary prevention by screening women of childbearing age for intimate partner violence and referring them to support services as appropriate (USPSTF 2018).
Summary of Results
The systematic review included 28 studies that reported results for perpetration (21 studies), victimization (15 studies), and bystander action (9 studies). Below are results from the latest follow-up:
- Perpetration favorable and consistent decreases
- Victimization inconsistent results
- Bystander action inconsistent results
Bystander action was stratified by length of follow-up. Results showed consistent increases in bystander action within six months of the intervention. Results were inconsistent after six months.
Included studies evaluated interventions that combined educational information about intimate partner violence and sexual violence with one or more of the following three strategies:
- Teaching healthy relationship skills
- Promoting social norms that protect against violence
- Creating protective environments
Outcomes varied based on the combination of strategies used.
- Interventions that taught healthy relationship skills OR promoted social norms to protect against violence reported favorable and consistent decreases in perpetration (7 of 8 studies).
- Interventions that taught healthy relationship skills OR combined teaching healthy relationship skills with efforts to promote social norms that protect against violence reported favorable and consistent decreases in victimization (10 of 12 studies).
- Interventions that used all three strategies (2 studies) in combination reported decreases in perpetration and victimization.
- Interventions that promoted social norms to protect against violence through bystander education and empowerment, engaged men and boys as allies in prevention, or both reported favorable and consistent increases in bystander action within six months of intervention completion (9 studies).
- While interventions that used other strategy combinations led to favorable results for perpetration and victimization there were too few studies or inconsistent results across studies of those specific strategy combinations to draw conclusions about them.
Summary of Economic Evidence
Applicability
Evidence Gaps
- What combinations of intervention approaches are most effective?
- What are the best measures for the outcomes of perpetration, victimization, and bystander action? More consensus is needed to increase comparability across studies and the ability to synthesize evidence.
- How effective are interventions that seek to create protective environments? More interventions are needed that include components at the community and societal levels.
- How effective are these interventions across different populations, including the following:
- Students in rural settings?
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth?
- Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities?
- High-risk youth?
- How effective are age-appropriate interventions that target younger children (e.g., primary school-age children)? Rates of violence reported in the included studies suggest some students are already experiencing and perpetrating intimate partner violence and sexual violence in middle school. Age-appropriate interventions for elementary school students need to be developed and tested for later impact on SV and IPV outcomes.
Study Characteristics
- Most of the included studies were conducted in the United States (25 studies). Remaining studies were done in Canada (2 studies) and the Netherlands (1 study).
- Most interventions were implemented in schools (5 middle, 6 high, 1 middle and high, 12 college), though some were also done in communities (2 studies), or homes (2 studies).
- Study participants had the following demographic characteristics across studies:
- Mean age of 16.5 years (16 studies)
- 53.0% female (21 studies)
- Black (median 16.1%, 20 studies), Hispanic (median 10.9%, 17 studies), Asian (median 6.9%, 12 studies), White (median 69.9%, 21 studies), and American Indian (2.2%, 6 studies)
Publications
Analytic Framework
Effectiveness Review
When starting an effectiveness review, the systematic review team develops an analytic framework. The analytic framework illustrates how the intervention approach is thought to affect public health. It guides the search for evidence and may be used to summarize the evidence collected. The analytic framework often includes intermediate outcomes, potential effect modifiers, potential harms, and potential additional benefits.
Summary Evidence Table
Effectiveness Review
Included Studies
Effectiveness Review
Intimate Partner Violence
Banyard VL, Moynihan MM, Plante EG. Sexual violence prevention through bystander education: an experimental evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology 2007;35(4):463 81.
Foshee VA, McNaughton Reyes HL, Ennett ST, et al. Assessing the effects of Families for Safe Dates, a family-based teen dating abuse prevention program. Journal of Adolescent Health 2012;51:349 56.
Foshee VA, Benefield T, Dixon KS, et al. The effects of Moms and Teens for Safe Dates: a dating abuse prevention program for adolescents exposed to domestic violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2015;44:995 1010.
Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Ennett ST, et al. Assessing the effects of the dating violence prevention program “Safe Dates” using random coefficient regression modeling. Prevention Science 2005;6(3):245 58.
Gonzalez-Guarda RM, Guerra JE, Cummings AA, Pino K, Becerra MM. Examining the preliminary efficacy of a dating violence prevention program for Hispanic adolescents. Journal of School Nursing 2015;31(6):411 21.
Jaycox LH, McCaffrey D, Eiseman B, et al. Impact of a school-based dating violence prevention program among Latino teens: randomized controlled effectiveness trial. Journal of Adolescent Health 2006;39(5);694 704.
Joppa MC, Rizzo CJ, Nieves AV, et al. Pilot Investigation of the Katie Brown Educational Program: a school-community partnership. Journal of School Health 2016;86(4):288 97.
Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Turner LA. The efficacy of an intimate partner violence prevention program with high-risk adolescent girls: a preliminary test. Prevention Science 2012;13:384 94.
Miller E, Tancredi DJ, McCauley HL, et al. “Coaching Boys into Men”: a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a dating violence prevention program. Journal of Adolescent Health 2012;51:431 8.
Miller S, Williams J, Cutbush S, et al. Evaluation of the Start Strong initiative: preventing teen dating violence and promoting healthy relationships among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health 2015;56:S14 9.
Peskin MF, Markham CM, Shegog R, Baumler ER, Addy RC, et al. Effects of the It’s Your Game… Keep It Real program on dating violence in ethnic-minority middle school youths: a group randomized trial. American Journal of Public Health 2014;104(8):1471 7.
Peterson K, Sharps P, Banyard V, Powers A, et al. An evaluation of two dating violence prevention programs on a college campus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2016;March:1-26.
Wolfe DA, Crooks C, Jaffe P, et al. A school-based program to prevent adolescent dating violence: a cluster randomized trial. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine 2009;163(8):692 9.
Wolfe DA, Wekerle C, Scott K, et al. Dating violence prevention with at-risk youth: a controlled outcome evaluation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2003;71(2):279 91.
Additional References Related to the Included Studies
Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Greene WF, et al. The Safe Dates Program: 1-Year follow-up results. American Journal of Public Health 2000;90(10):1619 922.
Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Ennett ST, Arriaga XB, et al. An evaluation of Safe Dates, an adolescent dating violence prevention program. American Journal of Public Health 1998;88(1):45 50.
Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Ennett ST, et al. Assessing the long-term effects of the Safe Dates Program and a booster in preventing and reducing adolescent dating violence victimization and perpetration. American Journal of Public Health 2004;94(4):619 24.
Sexual Violence
de Graaf I, de Haas S, Zaagsma M, Wijen C. Effects of Rock and Water: an intervention to prevent sexual aggression. Journal of Sexual Aggression 2016:4 19.
Espelage DL, Low S, Polanin JR, Green EC. Clinical trial of Second Step middle-school program: impact on aggression and victimization. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 2015;37:52 63.
Foubert FD, Newberry JT, and Tatum JL. Behavior differences seven months later: effects of a rape prevention program. NASPA Journal 2007;44(4):728 49.
Foubert JD. The longitudinal effects of a rape-prevention program on fraternity men’s attitudes, behavioral intent, and behavior. Journal of American College Health 2000;48:158 63.
Gidycz CA, Layman MJ, Rich CL, et al. An evaluation of an acquaintance rape prevention program: impact on attitudes, sexual aggression, and sexual victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2001;16(11):1120 38.
Gidycz CA, Orchowski LM, Berkowitz AD. Preventing sexual aggression among college men: an evaluation of a social norms and bystander intervention program. Violence Against Women 2011;17(6):720 42.
Jourilles EN, McDonald R, Rosenfield D, et al. TakeCARE, a video bystander program to help prevent sexual violence on college campuses: results of two randomized, controlled trials. Psychology of Violence 2016; 6(3):410 20. [2 studies]
Kleinsasser A, Jouriles EN, McDonald R, et al. An online bystander intervention program for the prevention of sexual violence. Psychology of Violence 2015;5(3):227 35.
Moynihan MM, Banyard VL, Cares AC, et al. Encouraging responses in sexual and relationship violence prevention: what program effects remain 1 year later? Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2015;(30)1:110 32.
Salazar LF, Vivolo-Kantor A, Berkowitz A. A web-based sexual violence bystander intervention for male college students: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2014;16(9):e203.
Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence
Coker AL, Bush HM, Fisher BS, Bush HM, Swan SC, et al. Multi-college bystander intervention evaluation for violence prevention. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016;50(3):295 302.
Taylor B, Stein N, and Burden F. The effects of gender violence/ harassment prevention programming in middle schools: a randomized experimental evaluation. Violence and Victims 2010;25(2):202 23.
Taylor BG, Stein ND, Mumford EA, et al. Shifting Boundaries: an experimental evaluation of a dating violence prevention program in middle schools. Prevention Science 2013;14:64 76.
Additional References Related to the Included Studies
Coker AL, Fisher BS, Swan SC, et al. Evaluation of the Green Dot Bystander Intervention to reduce interpersonal violence among college students across three campuses. Violence Against Women 2015;21(12):1507 27.
Coker AL, Cook-Craig PG, Williams CM, Fisher BS, et al. Evaluation of Green Dot: an active bystander intervention to reduce sexual violence on college campuses. Violence Against Women 2011;17(6):777 96.
Additional Materials
Implementation Resource
- Dating Matters : Strategies to Promote Healthy Teen Relationships
CDC developed this comprehensive teen dating violence prevention model to stop teen dating violence before it starts. Dating Matters is an evidence-based teen dating violence prevention model that includes prevention strategies for individuals, peers, families, schools, and neighborhoods. It focuses on teaching 11-14 year olds healthy relationship skills before they start dating and reducing behaviors that increase the risk for dating violence, like substance abuse and sexual risk-taking.
Webinar
- Interventions That Work: Preventing Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Among Youth (October 24, 2018)
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health with support from The Community Guide and CDC’s Division of Violence Prevention
Search Strategies
Search strategies and terms were adjusted for each database, based on controlled and uncontrolled vocabularies and search software. Once the literature search was completed, Community Guide systematic review team reviewed the citations and applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to narrow down the list of eligible studies.
Effectiveness Review
Database: PubMed
Date Searched: 7/23/2016
Results: 709/419 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
#1 (“2012/06/01″[Date – Entrez] : “3000”[Date – Entrez])
#2 English[lang]
#3 (“Russian Federation” or Russia or “Republic of Korea”[Mesh] OR “Slovakia”[Mesh] OR “Great Britain”[Mesh] OR “Saint Kitts and Nevis”[Mesh] OR “Netherlands Antilles”[Mesh] OR “Brunei”[Mesh] OR “Virgin Islands of the United States”[Mesh] OR “Trinidad and Tobago”[Mesh] OR Andorra[mesh] OR Antigua[mesh] OR Barbuda[mesh] OR Aruba[mesh] OR Australia[mesh] OR Austria[mesh] OR Bahamas[mesh] OR Bahrain[mesh] OR Barbados[mesh] OR Belgium[mesh] OR Bermuda[mesh] OR Brunei[mesh] OR Canada[mesh] OR “Channel Islands”[mesh] OR Chile[mesh] OR Croatia[mesh] OR Cyprus[mesh] OR “Czech Republic”[mesh] OR Denmark[mesh] OR Estonia[mesh] OR “Equatorial Guinea”[mesh] OR Finland[mesh] OR France[mesh] OR Germany[mesh] OR Greece[mesh] OR Greenland[mesh] OR Guam[mesh] OR “Hong Kong”[mesh] OR Iceland[mesh] OR Ireland[mesh] OR Israel[mesh] OR Italy[mesh] OR Japan[mesh] OR Korea[mesh] OR Kuwait[mesh] OR Latvia[mesh] OR Liechtenstein[mesh] OR Lithuania[mesh] OR Luxembourg[mesh] OR Macao[mesh] OR Malta[mesh] OR Monaco[mesh] OR Netherlands[mesh] OR “New Caledonia”[mesh] OR “New Zealand”[mesh] OR “Northern Ireland”[mesh] OR Norway[mesh] OR Oman[mesh] OR Poland[mesh] OR Portugal[mesh] OR “Puerto Rico”[mesh] OR Qatar[mesh] OR Russia[mesh] OR “San Marino”[mesh] OR “Saudi Arabia”[mesh] OR Singapore[mesh] OR Slovenia[mesh] OR Spain[mesh] OR Sweden[mesh] OR Switzerland[mesh] OR “United Arab Emirates”[mesh] OR England[mesh] OR Scotland[mesh] OR Wales[mesh] OR “United States”[mesh] OR Uruguay[mesh])
#4 (“Intimate Partner Violence”[Mesh] or “partner aggression” or “dating violence” or “partner violence” or “dating abuse”) AND (“prevention and control” [Subheading] OR “Primary Prevention”[Mesh] OR “prevention” or “prevent” or “prevents” or “preventing” or “prevented” or “preventative”)
#5 (“intervention” or “interventions” or prevent* or “program” or “programs” or “programming” or “programme” or “programmes” or “effective” or “effectiveness” or “efficacy” or “evaluation” or “evaluations” or “primary prevention”[mesh] OR “primary”) AND (“perpetration” or “rape” or “rapes” or “rapist” or “rapists” or sex* or “coercion” or “violence” or “aggression” or “assault” or “assaults” or “offender or “offenders” or “abuse”)
#6 (“criminal justice” or “juvenile justice” or “justice system” or “parole” or “parolee” or “parolees” or “probationer” or “probationers” or “probation” or prison* or “court” or “courts” or incarcerat* or penitentiar* or “jail” or “jails” or “jailed” or “juvenile hall” OR “inmate” or “inmates” Or “reoffending” or “reoffender” or “reoffenders” or “re-offender” or “re-offenders” or “re-offending” or criminal* or “arrest” or “arrests” or “arrestee” or “arrestees” or “arrested” or “correctional setting” or “correctional settings” or “correctional system” or “detainee” or “detainees” or “recidivism” or “post-sentence” or “post-sentencing” or “criminal” or “criminals” or “judicial” or “hearings”)
#7 ((#1 AND #2 AND #3) AND (#4 OR #5)) NOT #6
#8 (#1 AND #2) AND (#5 OR #5) NOT #6
#9 (#8 NOT (“developing country” OR developing countries OR “developing nation” OR “developing nations” OR “less developed nations” OR “less developed world” OR “lesser developed country” OR “lesser developed countries” OR “lesser developed nation” OR “lesser developed nations” OR “lesser developed world” OR “under developed country” OR “under developed countries” OR “under developed nation” OR “under developed nations” OR “under developed world” OR “underdeveloped country” OR “underdeveloped countries” OR “underdeveloped nation” OR “underdeveloped nations” OR “underdeveloped world” OR “middle income country” OR “middle income countries” OR “middle income nation” OR “middle income nations” OR “low income country” OR “low income countries” OR “low income nation” OR “low income nations” OR “lower income country” OR “lower income countries” OR “lower income nation” OR “lower income nations” OR “underserved country” OR “underserved countries” OR “underserved nation” OR “underserved nations” OR “underserved world” OR “under served country” OR “under served countries” OR “under served nation” OR “under served nations” OR “under served world” OR “deprived country” OR “deprived countries” OR “deprived nation” OR “deprived world” OR “poor country” OR “poor countries” OR “poor nation” OR “poor nations” OR “poor world” OR “poorer country” OR “poorer countries” OR “poorer nation” OR “poorer nations” OR “poorer world” OR “developing economy” OR “developing economies” OR “less developed economy” OR “less developed economies” OR “lesser developed economy” OR “lesser developed economies” OR “under developed economy” OR “under developed economies” OR “underdeveloped economy” OR “underdeveloped economies” OR “middle income economy” OR “middle income economies” OR “low income economy” OR “low income economies” OR “lower income economy” OR “lower income economies” OR “low gdp” OR “low gnp” OR “lower gdp” OR “lower gnp” OR lmic OR lmics OR “third world” OR “lami country” OR “lami countries” OR “transitional country” OR “transitional countries” OR Africa OR Asia OR Caribbean OR West Indies OR South America OR Latin America OR Central America OR Afghanistan OR Albania OR Algeria OR Angola OR Antigua OR Barbuda OR Argentina OR Armenia OR Armenian OR Aruba OR Azerbaijan OR Bahrain OR Bangladesh OR Barbados OR Benin OR Byelarus OR Byelorussian OR Belarus OR Belorussian OR Belorussia OR Belize OR Bhutan OR Bolivia OR Bosnia OR Herzegovina OR Hercegovina OR Botswana OR Brazil OR Bulgaria OR Burkina Faso OR Burkina Fasso OR Upper Volta OR Burundi OR Urundi OR Cambodia OR Khmer Republic OR Kampuchea OR Cameroon OR Cameroons OR Cameron OR Camerons OR Cape Verde OR Central African Republic OR Chad OR Chile OR China OR Colombia OR Comoros OR Comoro Islands OR Comores OR Mayotte OR Congo OR Zaire OR Costa Rica OR Cote d’Ivoire OR Ivory Coast OR Croatia OR Cuba OR Cyprus OR Czechoslovakia OR Czech Republic OR Slovakia OR Slovak Republic OR Djibouti OR French Somaliland OR Dominica OR Dominican Republic OR East Timor OR East Timur OR Timor Leste OR Ecuador OR Egypt OR United Arab Republic OR El Salvador OR Eritrea OR Estonia OR Ethiopia OR Fiji OR Gabon OR Gabonese Republic OR Gambia OR Gaza OR Georgia Republic OR Georgian Republic OR Ghana OR Gold Coast OR Greece OR Grenada OR Guatemala OR Guinea OR Guam OR Guiana OR Guyana OR Haiti OR Honduras OR Hungary OR India OR Maldives OR Indonesia OR Iran OR Iraq OR Jamaica OR Jordan OR Kazakhstan OR Kazakh OR Kenya OR Kiribati OR Korea OR Kosovo OR Kyrgyzstan OR Kirghizia OR Kyrgyz Republic OR Kirghiz OR Kirgizstan OR “Lao PDR” OR Laos OR Latvia OR Lebanon OR Lesotho OR Basutoland OR Liberia OR Libya OR Lithuania OR Macedonia OR Madagascar OR Malagasy Republic OR Malaysia OR Malaya OR Malay OR Sabah OR Sarawak OR Malawi OR Nyasaland OR Mali OR Malta OR Marshall Islands OR Mauritania OR Mauritius OR Agalega Islands OR Mexico OR Micronesia OR Middle East OR Moldova OR Moldovia OR Moldovian OR Mongolia OR Montenegro OR Morocco OR Ifni OR Mozambique OR Myanmar OR Myanma OR Burma OR Namibia OR Nepal OR Netherlands Antilles OR New Caledonia OR Nicaragua OR Niger OR Nigeria OR Northern Mariana Islands OR Oman OR Muscat OR Pakistan OR Palau OR Palestine OR Panama OR Paraguay OR Peru OR Philippines OR Philipines OR Phillipines OR Phillippines OR Poland OR Portugal OR Puerto Rico OR Romania OR Rumania OR Roumania OR Rwanda OR Ruanda OR “Saint Kitts” OR “St Kitts” OR Nevis OR Saint Lucia OR St Lucia OR “Saint Vincent” OR “St Vincent” OR Grenadines OR Samoa OR Samoan Islands OR Navigator Island OR Navigator Islands OR Sao Tome OR Saudi Arabia OR Senegal OR Serbia OR Montenegro OR Seychelles OR Sierra Leone OR Slovenia OR Sri Lanka OR Ceylon OR Solomon Islands OR Somalia OR Sudan OR Suriname OR Surinam OR Swaziland OR Syria OR Tajikistan OR Tadzhikistan OR Tadjikistan OR Tadzhik OR Tanzania OR Thailand OR Togo OR Togolese Republic OR Tonga OR Trinidad OR Tobago OR Tunisia OR Turkey OR Turkmenistan OR Turkmen OR Uganda OR Ukraine OR Uruguay OR USSR OR Soviet Union OR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics OR Uzbekistan OR Uzbek OR Vanuatu OR New Hebrides OR Venezuela OR Vietnam OR Viet Nam OR West Bank OR Yemen OR Yugoslavia OR Zambia OR Zimbabwe OR Rhodesia OR Western Sahara OR Kuwait OR United Arab Emirates OR Qatar OR Nauru OR Tuvalu OR Bahamas OR South Africa))
#10 (#7 OR #9) AND Filters: Adult: 19+ years; Child: 6-12 years; Adolescent: 13-18 years
#11 (#7 OR #9) NOT(“infant” or “newborn” or “baby” or “babies” or “preschool” or “preschools” or “preschooler” or “preschoolers” or “pre-school” or “pre-schools” or “toddler” or “toddlers” or “aged” or “elderly” or “senior citizen” or “senior citizens”)
#12
#10 OR #11
Database: Scopus
Date Searched: 7/19/2016
Results: 2616/1907 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
LIMITS (PUBYEAR > 2011 ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE , “English” )
#1 ( TITLE ( “intervention” OR “interventions” OR prevent* OR “program” OR “programs” OR “programming” OR “programme” OR “programmes” OR “effective” OR “effectiveness” OR “efficacy” OR “evaluation” OR “evaluations” OR “primary prevention” OR “primary”) AND ( ( TITLE ( “perpetration” OR “rape” OR “rapes” OR “rapist” OR “rapists” OR “forced sex” OR “forced sexually” OR “sex crime” OR “coercion” OR “violence” OR “aggression” OR “assault” OR “offender” OR “abuse” )
#2((TITLE-ABS-KEY((“Intimate Partner Violence” or “partner aggression” or “dating violence” or “partner violence” or “dating abuse”)) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(“prevention” or “prevent” or “prevents” or “preventing” or “prevented” or “preventative”))
#3( ( TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “criminal justice” OR “juvenile justice” OR “justice system” OR “parole” OR “parolee” OR “parolees” OR “probationer” OR “probationers” OR “probation” OR prison* OR “court” OR “courts” OR incarcerat* OR penitentiar* OR “jail” OR “jails” OR “jailed” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “jailed” OR “juvenile hall” OR “inmate” OR “inmates” OR “reoffending” OR “reoffender” OR “reoffenders” OR “re-offender” OR “re-offenders” OR “re-offending” OR criminal* OR “arrest” OR “arrests” OR “arrestee” OR “arrestees” OR “arrested” ) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY ( “correctional setting” OR “correctional settings” OR “correctional system” OR “detainee” OR “detainees” OR “recidivism” OR “post-sentence” OR “post-sentencing” OR “criminal” OR “criminals” OR “judicial” OR “hearings” ) )
#4 #1 OR #2
#5 #4 AND NOT #3
#6
( LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “United States” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “United Kingdom” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Australia” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Canada” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Germany” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Spain” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Netherlands” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Sweden” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Switzerland” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Italy” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “France” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Belgium” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Norway” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “New Zealand” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Japan” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “South Korea” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Ireland” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Austria” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Israel” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Portugal” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Finland” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Poland” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Hong Kong” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Slovenia” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Denmark” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Greece” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Croatia” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Czech Republic” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Chile” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Saudi Arabia” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Cyprus” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Latvia” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Lithuania” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Hungary” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Iceland” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Slovakia” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Trinidad and Tobago” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Uruguay” ) OR LIMIT-TO ( AFFILCOUNTRY , “Undefined” ) )
EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”South Africa” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”India” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Uganda” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Brazil” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”China” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Thailand” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Nigeria” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Tanzania” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Kenya” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Mexico” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Turkey” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Pakistan” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Bangladesh” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Hong Kong” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Zimbabwe” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Peru” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Viet Nam” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Zambia” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Colombia” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Cote d’Ivoire” EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Romania” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Rwanda” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Egypt” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Ethiopia” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Iran” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Jordan” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Lebanon” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Malawi” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Nepal” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Sri Lanka” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Togo” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Albania” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Angola” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Ecuador” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Estonia” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Guatemala” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Guinea” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Mongolia” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Senegal” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Slovenia” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Timor-Leste” ) EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Taiwan” ) OR EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Cyprus EXCLUDE(AFFILCOUNTRY,”Macedonia” ) )
Database: PsycINFO (OVID)
Date Searched: 7/19/2016
Results: 229/42 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
1
((Intimate Partner Violence or partner aggression or dating violence or partner violence or dating abuse) and (prevent*)).mp.
2
((intervention* or prevent* or program* or effective* or efficacy or evaluat* or primary) and (batterer or perpetration or rape or rapes or rapist or rapists or sex crime* or sexual crime* or sexual attack* or coercion or violence or aggression or assault or assaults or offender or offenders or abuse)).ti.
3
(criminal justice or juvenile justice or justice system or parole* or probation* or prison* or court or courts or incarcerat* or penitentiar* or jail* or juvenile hall or inmate* or reoffending or reoffender* or re-offender* or re-offending or criminal* or arrest or arrests or arrestee* or arrested or correctional setting* or correctional system or detainee* or recidivism or post-sentence or post-sentencing or criminal* or judicial or hearings).mp. or substance abuse).ti.
4
1 or 2
5
4 not 3
6
(primary prevention and (sex offenses or intimate partner violence or sexual violence)).mp.
7
6 not 3
8
5 or 7
9
8 AND (Russia* OR Republic of Korea OR Slovakia OR Great Britain OR Saint Kitts and Nevis OR Netherlands Antilles OR Brunei OR Virgin Islands of the United States OR Trinidad and Tobago OR Andorra OR Antigua OR Barbuda OR Aruba OR Australia OR Austria OR Bahamas OR Bahrain OR Barbados OR Belgium OR Bermuda OR Brunei OR Canada OR Channel Islands OR Chile OR Croatia OR Cyprus OR Czech Republic OR Denmark OR Estonia OR Equatorial Guinea OR Finland OR France OR Germany OR Greece OR Greenland OR Guam OR Hong Kong OR Iceland OR Ireland OR Israel OR Italy OR Japan OR Korea OR Kuwait OR Latvia OR Liechtenstein OR Lithuania OR Luxembourg OR Macao OR Malta OR Monaco OR Netherlands OR New Caledonia OR New Zealand OR Northern Ireland OR Norway OR Oman OR Poland OR Portugal OR Puerto Rico OR Qatar OR Russia OR San Marino OR Saudi Arabia OR Singapore OR Slovenia OR Spain OR Sweden OR Switzerland OR Taiwan OR United Arab Emirates OR England OR Scotland OR Wales OR United States OR Uruguay)
10
8 NOT (developing country OR developing countries OR developing nation OR developing nations OR less developed nations OR less developed world OR lesser developed country OR lesser developed countries OR lesser developed nation OR lesser developed nations OR lesser developed world OR under developed country OR under developed countries OR under developed nation OR under developed nations OR under developed world OR underdeveloped country OR underdeveloped countries OR underdeveloped nation OR underdeveloped nations OR underdeveloped world OR middle income country OR middle income countries OR middle income nation OR middle income nations OR low income country OR low income countries OR low income nation OR low income nations OR lower income country OR lower income countries OR lower income nation OR lower income nations” OR underserved country OR underserved countries OR underserved nation OR underserved nations OR underserved world OR under served country OR under served countries OR under served nation OR under served nations OR under served world OR deprived country OR deprived countries OR deprived nation OR deprived world OR poor country OR poor countries OR poor nation OR poor nations OR poor world OR poorer country OR poorer countries OR poorer nation OR poorer nations OR poorer world OR developing economy OR developing economies OR less developed economy OR less developed economies OR lesser developed economy OR lesser developed economies OR under developed economy OR under developed economies OR underdeveloped economy OR underdeveloped economies OR middle income economy OR middle income economies OR low income economy OR low income economies OR lower income economy OR lower income economies OR low gdp OR low gnp OR lower gdp OR lower gnp OR lmic OR lmics OR third world OR lami country OR lami countries OR transitional country OR transitional countries OR Africa OR Asia OR Caribbean OR West Indies OR South America OR Latin America OR Central America OR Afghanistan OR Albania OR Algeria OR Angola OR Antigua OR Barbuda OR Argentina OR Armenia OR Armenian OR Aruba OR Azerbaijan OR Bahrain OR Bangladesh OR Barbados OR Benin OR Byelarus OR Byelorussian OR Belarus OR Belorussian OR Belorussia OR Belize OR Bhutan OR Bolivia OR Bosnia OR Herzegovina OR Hercegovina OR Botswana OR Brazil OR Bulgaria OR Burkina Faso OR Burkina Fasso OR Upper Volta OR Burundi OR Urundi OR Cambodia OR Khmer Republic OR Kampuchea OR Cameroon OR Cameroons OR Cameron OR Camerons OR Cape Verde OR Central African Republic OR Chad OR Chile OR China OR Colombia OR Comoros OR Comoro Islands OR Comores OR Mayotte OR Congo OR Zaire OR Costa Rica OR Cote d’Ivoire OR Ivory Coast OR Croatia OR Cuba OR Cyprus OR Czechoslovakia OR Czech Republic OR Slovakia OR Slovak Republic OR Djibouti OR French Somaliland OR Dominica OR Dominican Republic OR East Timor OR East Timur OR Timor Leste OR Ecuador OR Egypt OR United Arab Republic OR El Salvador OR Eritrea OR Estonia OR Ethiopia OR Fiji OR Gabon OR Gabonese Republic OR Gambia OR Gaza OR Georgia Republic OR Georgian Republic OR Ghana OR Gold Coast OR Greece OR Grenada OR Guatemala OR Guinea OR Guam OR Guiana OR Guyana OR Haiti OR Honduras OR Hungary OR India OR Maldives OR Indonesia OR Iran OR Iraq OR Jamaica OR Jordan OR Kazakhstan OR Kazakh OR Kenya OR Kiribati OR Korea OR Kosovo OR Kyrgyzstan OR Kirghizia OR Kyrgyz Republic OR Kirghiz OR Kirgizstan OR Lao PDR OR Laos OR Latvia OR Lebanon OR Lesotho OR Basutoland OR Liberia OR Libya OR Lithuania OR Macedonia OR Madagascar OR Malagasy Republic OR Malaysia OR Malaya OR Malay OR Sabah OR Sarawak OR Malawi OR Nyasaland OR Mali OR Malta OR Marshall Islands OR Mauritania OR Mauritius OR Agalega Islands OR Mexico OR Micronesia OR Middle East OR Moldova OR Moldovia OR Moldovian OR Mongolia OR Montenegro OR Morocco OR Ifni OR Mozambique OR Myanmar OR Myanma OR Burma OR Namibia OR Nepal OR Netherlands Antilles OR New Caledonia OR Nicaragua OR Niger OR Nigeria OR Northern Mariana Islands OR Oman OR Muscat OR Pakistan OR Palau OR Palestine OR Panama OR Paraguay OR Peru OR Philippines OR Philipines OR Phillipines OR Phillippines OR Poland OR Portugal OR Puerto Rico OR Romania OR Rumania OR Roumania OR Rwanda OR Ruanda OR “Saint Kitts” OR “St Kitts” OR Nevis OR Saint Lucia OR St Lucia OR “Saint Vincent” OR “St Vincent” OR Grenadines OR Samoa OR Samoan Islands OR Navigator Island OR Navigator Islands OR Sao Tome OR Saudi Arabia OR Senegal OR Serbia OR Montenegro OR Seychelles OR Sierra Leone OR Slovenia OR Sri Lanka OR Ceylon OR Solomon Islands OR Somalia OR Sudan OR Suriname OR Surinam OR Swaziland OR Syria OR Tajikistan OR Tadzhikistan OR Tadjikistan OR Tadzhik OR Tanzania OR Thailand OR Togo OR Togolese Republic OR Tonga OR Trinidad OR Tobago OR Tunisia OR Turkey OR Turkmenistan OR Turkmen OR Uganda OR Ukraine OR Uruguay OR USSR OR Soviet Union OR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics OR Uzbekistan OR Uzbek OR Vanuatu OR New Hebrides OR Venezuela OR Vietnam OR Viet Nam OR West Bank OR Yemen OR Yugoslavia OR Zambia OR Zimbabwe OR Rhodesia OR Western Sahara OR Tuvalu OR Bahamas OR South Africa))
11
9 or 10
12
limit 12 to (english language and yr=”2012 -Current”), adulthood <18+ years> or young adulthood
Database: Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest)
Searched: 7/19/2016
Results: 275/243 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
(((all((“intervention” OR “interventions” OR prevent* OR “program” OR “programs” OR “programming” OR “programme” OR “programmes” OR “effective” OR “effectiveness” OR “efficacy” OR “evaluation” OR “evaluations” OR “primary prevention” OR “primary”)) AND all(“perpetration” OR “rape” OR “rapes” OR “rapist” OR “rapists” OR “forced sex” OR “forced sexually” OR “sex crime” OR “coercion” OR “violence” OR “aggression” OR “assault” OR “offender” OR “abuse” OR batterer*) AND la(“ENG”)) NOT all(“criminal justice” OR “juvenile justice” OR “justice system” OR “parole” OR “parolee” OR “parolees” OR “probationer” OR “probationers” OR “probation” OR prison* OR “court” OR “courts” OR incarcerat* OR penitentiar* OR “jail” OR “jails” OR “jailed” OR “jailed” OR “juvenile hall” OR “inmate” OR “inmates” OR “reoffending” OR “reoffender” OR “reoffenders” OR “re-offender” OR “re-offenders” OR “re-offending” OR criminal* OR “arrest” OR “arrests” OR “arrestee” OR “arrestees” OR “arrested” OR “correctional setting” OR “correctional settings” OR “correctional system” OR “detainee” OR “detainees” OR “recidivism” OR “post-sentence” OR “post-sentencing” OR “criminal” OR “criminals” OR “judicial” OR “hearings”)) AND la(“ENG”)) AND (all(“young adult”) OR all(“young adults”) OR all(“young women”) OR all(“young men”) OR all(“older adolescents”) or all(“late adolescence”) or all(“late adolescents”))
OR
((all(“Intimate Partner Violence” OR “partner aggression” OR “dating violence” OR “partner violence” OR “dating abuse”) AND All(“prevention” OR “prevent” OR “prevents” OR “preventing” OR “prevented” OR “preventative”)) AND (la(“ENG”) AND la(“ENG”)) AND (all(“young adult”) OR all(“young adults”) OR all(“young women”) OR all(“young men”) OR all(“older adolescents”) or all(“late adolescence”) or all(“late adolescents”))AND pd(20120601-20161231))) NOT ( “criminal justice” OR “juvenile justice” OR “justice system” OR “parole” OR “parolee” OR “parolees” OR “probationer” OR “probationers” OR “probation” OR prison* OR “court” OR “courts” OR incarcerat* OR penitentiar* OR “jail” OR “jails” OR “jailed” OR “jailed” OR “juvenile hall” OR “inmate” OR “inmates” OR “reoffending” OR “reoffender” OR “reoffenders” OR “re-offender” OR “re-offenders” OR “re-offending” OR criminal* OR “arrest” OR “arrests” OR “arrestee” OR “arrestees” OR “arrested” OR “correctional setting” OR “correctional settings” OR “correctional system” OR “detainee” OR “detainees” OR “recidivism” OR “post-sentence” OR “post-sentencing” OR “criminal” OR “criminals” OR “judicial” OR “hearings” or arresting or “restraining order”)
Database: ERIC (ProQuest)
Searched: 7/19/2016
Results: 92/85 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
((all(“Intimate Partner Violence” OR “partner aggression” OR “dating violence” OR “partner violence” OR “dating abuse”) AND All(“prevention” OR “prevent” OR “prevents” OR “preventing” OR “prevented” OR “preventative”)) AND (la(“ENG”) AND pd(20120601-20161231))) NOT ( “criminal justice” OR “juvenile justice” OR “justice system” OR “parole” OR “parolee” OR “parolees” OR “probationer” OR “probationers” OR “probation” OR prison* OR “court” OR “courts” OR incarcerat* OR penitentiar* OR “jail” OR “jails” OR “jailed” OR “jailed” OR “juvenile hall” OR “inmate” OR “inmates” OR “reoffending” OR “reoffender” OR “reoffenders” OR “re-offender” OR “re-offenders” OR “re-offending” OR criminal* OR “arrest” OR “arrests” OR “arrestee” OR “arrestees” OR “arrested” OR “correctional setting” OR “correctional settings” OR “correctional system” OR “detainee” OR “detainees” OR “recidivism” OR “post-sentence” OR “post-sentencing” OR “criminal” OR “criminals” OR “judicial” OR “hearings” or arresting or “restraining order”)
OR
(((all((“intervention” OR “interventions” OR prevent* OR “program” OR “programs” OR “programming” OR “programme” OR “programmes” OR “effective” OR “effectiveness” OR “efficacy” OR “evaluation” OR “evaluations” OR “primary prevention” OR “primary”)) AND all(“perpetration” OR “rape” OR “rapes” OR “rapist” OR “rapists” OR “forced sex” OR “forced sexually” OR “sex crime” OR “coercion” OR “violence” OR “aggression” OR “assault” OR “offender” OR “abuse” OR batterer*) AND la(“ENG”)) NOT all(“criminal justice” OR “juvenile justice” OR “justice system” OR “parole” OR “parolee” OR “parolees” OR “probationer” OR “probationers” OR “probation” OR prison* OR “court” OR “courts” OR incarcerat* OR penitentiar* OR “jail” OR “jails” OR “jailed” OR “jailed” OR “juvenile hall” OR “inmate” OR “inmates” OR “reoffending” OR “reoffender” OR “reoffenders” OR “re-offender” OR “re-offenders” OR “re-offending” OR criminal* OR “arrest” OR “arrests” OR “arrestee” OR “arrestees” OR “arrested” OR “correctional setting” OR “correctional settings” OR “correctional system” OR “detainee” OR “detainees” OR “recidivism” OR “post-sentence” OR “post-sentencing” OR “criminal” OR “criminals” OR “judicial” OR “hearings”))
AND
la(“ENG”)) AND (all(“young adult”) OR all(“young adults”) OR all(“young women”) OR all(“young men”) OR all(“older adolescents”) or all(“late adolescence”) or all(“late adolescents”))
Database: Medline (OVID)
Searched: 7/21/2016
Results: 519/248 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
1
intimate partner violence/ or (partner aggression or dating violence or partner violence or dating abuse).mp.
2
prevention control.fs. or primary prevention/ or prevent*.mp.
3
1 and 2
4
primary prevention/ or (intervention or interventions or prevent* or program or programs or programming or programme or programmes or effective or effectiveness or efficacy or evaluation or evaluations or primary).ti.
5
(perpetration or rape or rapes or rapist or rapists or sexually attack8 or sex attack* or sexual violence or sexually violent or coercion or violence or aggression or assault or assaults or offender or offenders or abuse).ti.
6
4 and 5
7
(3 OR 6) AND (201206* or 201207* or 201208* or 201209* or 20121* or 2013* or 2014* or 2015* or 2016*).ed.
8
limit 7 to english language
9
limit 8 to (“child (6 to 12 years)” or “adolescent (13 to 18 years)” or “young adult (19 -24))
10
(recidivism or post-sentenc* or criminal* or judicial or hearings).mp. or (criminal* or arrest* or correctional setting* or correctional system or detainee*).mp. or (juvenile hall or inmate* or inmates or reoffend* or re-offend*).mp. or (criminal justice or juvenile justice or justice system or parole* or probationer* or probation or prison* or court or courts or incarcerat* or penitentiar* or jail*).mp.
11
9 not 10
12
(((((Russian Federation or Russia).mp. or Republic of Korea/ or Slovakia/ or Great Britain/ or Saint Kitts.mp.) and Nevis/) or Netherlands Antilles/ or Brunei/ or Virgin Islands of the United States/ or Trinidad.mp.) and Tobago/) or Andorra/ or Antigua/ or Barbuda/ or Aruba/ or Australia/ or Austria/ or Bahamas/ or Bahrain/ or Barbados/ or Belgium/ or Bermuda/ or Brunei/ or Canada/ or Channel Islands/ or Chile/ or Croatia/ or Cyprus/ or Czech Republic/ or Denmark/ or Estonia/ or Equatorial Guinea/ or Finland/ or France/ or Germany/ or Greece/ or Greenland/ or Guam/ or Hong Kong/ or Iceland/ or Ireland/ or Israel/ or Italy/ or Japan/ or Korea/ or Kuwait/ or Latvia/ or Liechtenstein/ or Lithuania/ or Luxembourg/ or Macao/ or Malta/ or Monaco/ or Netherlands/ or New Caledonia/ or New Zealand/ or Northern Ireland/ or Norway/ or Oman/ or Poland/ or Portugal/ or Puerto Rico/ or Qatar/ or Russia/ or San Marino/ or Saudi Arabia/ or Singapore/ or Slovenia/ or Spain/ or Sweden/ or Switzerland/ or United Arab Emirates/ or England/ or Scotland/ or Wales/ or United States/ or Uruguay/ [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier]
13
11 and 12
14
(developing country OR developing countries OR developing nation OR developing nations OR less developed nations OR less developed world OR lesser developed country OR lesser developed countries OR lesser developed nation OR lesser developed nations OR lesser developed world OR under developed country OR under developed countries OR under developed nation OR under developed nations OR under developed world OR underdeveloped country OR underdeveloped countries OR underdeveloped nation OR underdeveloped nations OR underdeveloped world OR middle income country OR middle income countries OR middle income nation OR middle income nations OR low income country OR low income countries OR low income nation OR low income nations OR lower income country OR lower income countries OR lower income nation OR lower income nations” OR underserved country OR underserved countries OR underserved nation OR underserved nations OR underserved world OR under served country OR under served countries OR under served nation OR under served nations OR under served world OR deprived country OR deprived countries OR deprived nation OR deprived world OR poor country OR poor countries OR poor nation OR poor nations OR poor world OR poorer country OR poorer countries OR poorer nation OR poorer nations OR poorer world OR developing economy OR developing economies OR less developed economy OR less developed economies OR lesser developed economy OR lesser developed economies OR under developed economy OR under developed economies OR underdeveloped economy OR underdeveloped economies OR middle income economy OR middle income economies OR low income economy OR low income economies OR lower income economy OR lower income economies OR low gdp OR low gnp OR lower gdp OR lower gnp OR lmic OR lmics OR third world OR lami country OR lami countries OR transitional country OR transitional countries OR Africa OR Asia OR Caribbean OR West Indies OR South America OR Latin America OR Central America OR Afghanistan OR Albania OR Algeria OR Angola OR Antigua OR Barbuda OR Argentina OR Armenia OR Armenian OR Aruba OR Azerbaijan OR Bahrain OR Bangladesh OR Barbados OR Benin OR Byelarus OR Byelorussian OR Belarus OR Belorussian OR Belorussia OR Belize OR Bhutan OR Bolivia OR Bosnia OR Herzegovina OR Hercegovina OR Botswana OR Brazil OR Bulgaria OR Burkina Faso OR Burkina Fasso OR Upper Volta OR Burundi OR Urundi OR Cambodia OR Khmer Republic OR Kampuchea OR Cameroon OR Cameroons OR Cameron OR Camerons OR Cape Verde OR Central African Republic OR Chad OR Chile OR China OR Colombia OR Comoros OR Comoro Islands OR Comores OR Mayotte OR Congo OR Zaire OR Costa Rica OR Cote d’Ivoire OR Ivory Coast OR Croatia OR Cuba OR Cyprus OR Czechoslovakia OR Czech Republic OR Slovakia OR Slovak Republic OR Djibouti OR French Somaliland OR Dominica OR Dominican Republic OR East Timor OR East Timur OR Timor Leste OR Ecuador OR Egypt OR United Arab Republic OR El Salvador OR Eritrea OR Estonia OR Ethiopia OR Fiji OR Gabon OR Gabonese Republic OR Gambia OR Gaza OR Georgia Republic OR Georgian Republic OR Ghana OR Gold Coast OR Greece OR Grenada OR Guatemala OR Guinea OR Guam OR Guiana OR Guyana OR Haiti OR Honduras OR Hungary OR India OR Maldives OR Indonesia OR Iran OR Iraq OR Jamaica OR Jordan OR Kazakhstan OR Kazakh OR Kenya OR Kiribati OR Korea OR Kosovo OR Kyrgyzstan OR Kirghizia OR Kyrgyz Republic OR Kirghiz OR Kirgizstan OR Lao PDR OR Laos OR Latvia OR Lebanon OR Lesotho OR Basutoland OR Liberia OR Libya OR Lithuania OR Macedonia OR Madagascar OR Malagasy Republic OR Malaysia OR Malaya OR Malay OR Sabah OR Sarawak OR Malawi OR Nyasaland OR Mali OR Malta OR Marshall Islands OR Mauritania OR Mauritius OR Agalega Islands OR Mexico OR Micronesia OR Middle East OR Moldova OR Moldovia OR Moldovian OR Mongolia OR Montenegro OR Morocco OR Ifni OR Mozambique OR Myanmar OR Myanma OR Burma OR Namibia OR Nepal OR Netherlands Antilles OR New Caledonia OR Nicaragua OR Niger OR Nigeria OR Northern Mariana Islands OR Oman OR Muscat OR Pakistan OR Palau OR Palestine OR Panama OR Paraguay OR Peru OR Philippines OR Philipines OR Phillipines OR Phillippines OR Poland OR Portugal OR Puerto Rico OR Romania OR Rumania OR Roumania OR Rwanda OR Ruanda OR “Saint Kitts” OR “St Kitts” OR Nevis OR Saint Lucia OR St Lucia OR “Saint Vincent” OR “St Vincent” OR Grenadines OR Samoa OR Samoan Islands OR Navigator Island OR Navigator Islands OR Sao Tome OR Saudi Arabia OR Senegal OR Serbia OR Montenegro OR Seychelles OR Sierra Leone OR Slovenia OR Sri Lanka OR Ceylon OR Solomon Islands OR Somalia OR Sudan OR Suriname OR Surinam OR Swaziland OR Syria OR Tajikistan OR Tadzhikistan OR Tadjikistan OR Tadzhik OR Tanzania OR Thailand OR Togo OR Togolese Republic OR Tonga OR Trinidad OR Tobago OR Tunisia OR Turkey OR Turkmenistan OR Turkmen OR Uganda OR Ukraine OR Uruguay OR USSR OR Soviet Union OR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics OR Uzbekistan OR Uzbek OR Vanuatu OR New Hebrides OR Venezuela OR Vietnam OR Viet Nam OR West Bank OR Yemen OR Yugoslavia OR Zambia OR Zimbabwe OR Rhodesia OR Western Sahara OR Tuvalu OR Bahamas OR South Africa).mp.
15
12 NOT 14
16
13 OR 15
17
16 NOT (drug abuse* or alcohol abuse or substance abuse*).mp.
18
17 NOT elder*.ti,ab,hw,sh.
19
18 not (infant* or newborn* or preschool* or pre-school*).mp.
Database: WorldCat.org
Searched: 7/22/2016
Results: 40/40 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
Limits 2012-2016, English, Thesis/Dissertation
( TI: “intervention” OR “interventions” OR prevent* OR “program” OR “programs” OR “programming” OR “programme” OR “programmes” OR “effective” OR “effectiveness” OR “efficacy” OR “evaluation” OR “evaluations” OR “primary prevention” OR “primary”) AND ( TI: “perpetration” OR “rape” OR “rapes” OR “rapist” OR “rapists” OR “forced sex” OR “forced sexually” OR “sex crime” OR “coercion” OR “violence” OR “aggression” OR “assault” OR “offender” OR “abuse” )
OR
(TI:”Intimate Partner Violence” or “partner aggression” or “dating violence” or “partner violence” or “dating abuse”) AND TI:”prevention” or “prevent” or “prevents” or “preventing” or “prevented” or “preventative”)
Database: Google Scholar
Searched: 7/22/2016
Results: 63/11 after duplicates removed
Search Strategy:
“Intimate Partner Violence” or “partner aggression” or “dating violence” or “partner violence” or “dating abuse” OR “rape” OR “rapes” OR “rapist” OR “rapists” OR “forced sex” OR “forced sexually” OR “sex crime” OR “coerced sex” OR “sexual violence” OR “sexual aggression” OR “sex assault” or “sexual assault”
AND
“primary prevention”
Limited to 2012-current
Review References
DeGue S, Valle LA, Holt MK, Massetti GM, Matjasko JL, Tharp AT. A systematic review of primary prevention strategies for sexual violence perpetration. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2014;19:346 62.
Smith S, Chen J, Basile K, et al. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010-2012 State Report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2017.
Whitaker DJ, Murphy CM, Eckhardt CI, Hodges AE, Cowart M. Effectiveness of primary prevention efforts for intimate partner violence. Partner Abuse 2013;4(2):174 95.
Considerations for Implementation
- Audience needs Tailor programs and resources to the needs of youth with known risk factors (e.g., family history of violence, hypermasculine attitudes, aggressive peers or peer relationships).
- Program duration Some intervention effects diminish over time; follow-up may be needed to maintain positive changes, specifically for bystander action (e.g., reminders, intervention boosters).
- Principles of prevention Successful implementation can be affected by how comprehensive the program is, intervention dosage (intensity), training of staff, and inclusion of multiple teaching methods.
- Capacity to implement Schools and communities should consider resources (e.g., funding, personnel, community willingness) as they decide which intervention strategies to implement.
- Environment School- or community-level changes may be necessary to create environments that support efforts to reduce perpetration and increase bystander action.
The CPSTF recommendation aligns with and supports strategies and approaches described in CDC’s Technical Packages on intimate partner violence and sexual violence. These packages are designed to help states and communities use the best available evidence to prevent violence.
Crosswalks
Healthy People 2030
Healthy People 2030 includes the following objectives related to this CPSTF recommendation.