The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).
Effectiveness Review
Actual Closure, Pandemic Influenza (21 Studies)
Basurto-Davila R, Garza R, Carlino LO, Meltzer MI, Carlino O, et al. Household economic impact and attitudes toward school closures in two cities in Argentina during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. (Unpublished manuscript at the time of review; published: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 2013; 7(6): 1308-15).
Borse RH, Behravesh CB, Dumanovsky T, Zucker JR, Swerdlow DL, Edelson PJ, Choe-Castillo J, Meltzer MI. Closing schools in response to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (pH1N1) in New York city: economic impact on households. CID 2011;52(Suppl 1): 168-72.
Calatayud L, Kurkela S, Neave PE, Brock A, Perkin S, et al. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus outbreak in a school in London, April/May 2009: an observational study. Epidemiology and Infection 2010; 138(02): 183-91.
CDC. Parental attitudes and experiences during school dismissals related to 2009 influenza A (H1N1) --- United States, 2009. MMWR 2010; 59(35): 1131-4.
Chieochansin T, Makkoch J, Suwannakarn K, Payungporn S, Poovorawan Y. Novel H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection in Bangkok, Thailand: effects of school closures. Asian Biomedicine 2009; 3(5): 469-75.
Copeland D, Basurto-Davila R, Chung W, Kurian A, Fishbein D, et al. Effectiveness of a school district closure for pandemic influenza A (H1N1) on acute respiratory illnesses in the community: a natural experiment. (Unpublished manuscript at the time of review; published: Clinical Infectious Diseases 2013; 56(4): 509-16).
Dooyema C, Copeland D, Sinclair J, Shi J, Wilkins M, et al. Factors Influencing School Closure and Dismissal Decisions: Influenza A (H1N1), Michigan 2009. (Unpublished manuscript at the time of review; published: The Journal of School Health 2014; 84(1): 56-62).
Echevarría-Zuno S, Mejía-Aranguré JM, Mar-Obeso AJ, Grajales-Muñiz C, Robles-Pérez E, et al. Infection and death from influenza A H1N1 virus in Mexico: a retrospective analysis. The Lancet 2009; 374(9707): 2072-9.
Effler P, Carcione D, Giele C, Dowse G, Goggin L, Mak D. Household responses to pandemic (H1N1) 2009-related school closures, Perth, Western Australia. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010; 16(2): 205-11.
France AM, Jackson M, Schrag S, Lynch M, Zimmerman C, et al. Household transmission of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus after a school‐based outbreak in New York city, April–May 2009. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010; 201(7): 984-92.
Gift T, Palekar R, Sodha S, Kent C, Fagan R, et al. Household effects of school closure during pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Pennsylvania, USA. Emerging infectious diseases 2010; 16(8): 1315-7.
Health Protection Agency. Preliminary descriptive epidemiology of a large school outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)v in the West Midlands, United Kingdom, May 2009. Euro Surveillance 2009; 14(27): 19264.
Hsueh PR, Lee PI, Chiu AW, Yen MY. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vaccination and class suspensions after outbreaks, Taipei City, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010; 16(8): 1309-11.
Jarquin V, Callahan D, Cohen N, Balaban V, Wang R, et al. Effect of school closure from pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Emergin Infectious Diseases 2011; 17(4): 751-753.
Kawaguchi R, Miyazono M, Noda T, Takayama Y, Sasai Y, Iso H. Influenza (H1N1) 2009 outbreak and school closure, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2009; 15(10): 1685.
Lessler J, Reich NG, Cummings DAT, MHS, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Swine Influenza Investigation Team. Outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) at a New York city school. New England J Medicine 2009; 361(27): 2628-36.
Loustalot F, Silk BJ, Gaither A, Shim T, Lamias M, et al. Household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and nonpharmaceutical interventions among households of high school students in San Antonio, Texas. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2011; 52(suppl 1): S146-53.
Marchbanks TL, Bhattarai A, Fagan RP, Ostroff S, Sodha SV, et al. An outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in an elementary school in Pennsylvania. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2011; 52(suppl 1): S154-60.
Miller J, Danon L, O'Hagan J, Goldstein E, Lajous M, Lipsitch M. Student behavior during a school closure caused by pandemic influenza A/H1N1. PloS One 2010; 5(5): e10425.
Wallensten A, Oliver I, Lewis D, Harrison S. Compliance and side effects of prophylactic oseltamivir treatment in a school in South West England. Euro Surveillance 2009; 14(30): 19285.
Wu J, Cowling B, Lau EHY, Ip DKM, Ho LM, et al. School closure and mitigation of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010; 16(3): 538-41.
Actual Closure Due to Seasonal Flu Outbreaks (3 Studies)
CDC. Impact of seasonal influenza-related school closures on families-Southeastern Kentucky, February 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(50): 1405-9.
Cowling B, Lau E, Lam C, Cheng C, Kovar J, et al. Effects of school closures, 2008 winter influenza season, Hong Kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008; 14(10): 1660.
Johnson A, Moore Z, Edelson P, Kinnane L, Davies, et al. Household responses to school closure resulting from outbreak of influenza B, North Carolina. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2008; 14(7): 1024-30.
Actual Closure Due to Other Factors during Influenza Season (5 Studies)
Garza R, Basurto-Davila R, Ortega-Sanchez I, Carlino L, Meltzer M, et al. Effect of winter school breaks on influenza-like illness, Argentina, 2005-2008. (Unpublished manuscript at the time of review; published: Emerging Infectious Diseases 2013; 19(6): 938-44).
Heymann A, Chodick G, Reichman B, Kokia E, Laufer J. Influence of school closure on the incidence of viral respiratory diseases among children and on health care utilization. Pediatric Infectious Diseases J 2004; 7: 675–7.
Heymann AD, Hoch I, Valinsky L, Kokia E, Steinberg DM. School closure may be effective in reducing transmission of respiratory viruses in the community. Epidemiology and Infection 2009; 137(10): 1369-76.
Rodriguez CV, Rietberg K, Baer A, Kwan-Gett T, Duchin J. Association between school closure and subsequent absenteeism during a seasonal influenza epidemic. Epidemiology 2009; 20(6): 787-92.
Wheeler CC, Erhart LM, Jehn ML. Effect of school closure on the incidence of influenza among school-age children in Arizona. Public Health Reports 2010; 125: 851-9.
Actual Closure, Historical Influenza Pandemic Studies (5 Studies)
Bootsma M, Ferguson N. The effect of public health measures on the 1918 influenza pandemic in U.S. cities. PNAS 2007; 18:7588-93.
Caley P, Philp D, McCracken K. Quantifying social distancing arising from pandemic influenza. J R Soc Interface 2007; 5: 631-9.
Hatchett R, Mecher C, Lipsitch M. Public health interventions and epidemic intensity during the 1918 influenza pandemic. PNAS 2007; 18: 7582-7.
Markel H, Lipman H, Navarro J, Sloan A, Michalsen J, et al. Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by U.S. cities during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic. JAMA 2007; 298(6): 644-54.
Stern AM, Cetron MS, Markel H. Closing the schools: lessons from the 1918-19 U.S. influenza pandemic. Health Aff 2009; 28(6): w1066-78.
School Opening/Closing and Impact on Influenza Transmission (2 Studies)
Chao DL, Halloran ME, Longini IM Jr. School Opening Dates Predict Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Outbreaks in the United States. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010;202(6): 877-80.
Earn DJD, He D, Loeb MB, Fonseca K, Lee BE, et al. Effects of school closure on incidence of pandemic influenza in Alberta, Canada. Annals of Internal Medicine 2012; 156: 173-181.
Modeling Studies, Effectiveness of School Dismissal Alone (29 Studies)
Andradóttir S, Chin W, Goldsman D, Lee ML, Tsui KL, et al. Reactive strategies for containing developing outbreaks of pandemic influenza. (Unpublished manuscript at the time of review; published: BMC Public Health 2011; 11(Suppl1): S1).
Barrett C, Bisset K, Leidig J, Marathe A, Marathe M. Economic and Social Impact of Influenza Mitigation Strategies by Demographic Class. Epidemics 2011; 3(1): 19-31
Carrat F, Luong J, Lao H, Salle AV, Lajaunie C, Wackernagel H. A 'small-world-like' model for comparing interventions aimed at preventing and controlling influenza pandemics. BMC Medicine 2006; 4(1): 26.
Cauchemez S, Valleron AJ, Boelle PY, Flahault A, Ferguson NM. Estimating the impact of school closure on influenza transmission from Sentinel data. Nature Letters 2008; 452: 750-755.
Chao DL, Halloran ME, Obenchain VJ, Longini IM, Jr. FluTE, a Publicly Available Stochastic Influenza Epidemic Simulation Model. PLoS Comput Biol 2010; 6(1): e1000656.
Davey V, Glass R. Rescinding community mitigation strategies in an Infl uenza pandemic. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14(3): 365-71.
Davey V, Glass R, Min H, Beyeler W, Glass L. Effective, robust design of community mitigation for pandemic influenza: a systematic examination of proposed US guidance. PloS One 2008; 3(7): e2606.
Ferguson NM, Cummings DAT, Fraser C, Cajka JC, Cooley PC, Burke, DS. Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic. Nature 2006; 442(7101): 448-52.
Germann T, Kadau K, Longini I, Macken C. Mitigation strategies for pandemic influenza in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006; 103(15): 5935.
Glass K, Barnes B. How much would closing schools reduce transmission during an influenza pandemic? Epidemiology 2007;18(5): 623-28.
Glass R, Glass L, Beyeler W, Min HJ. Targeted social distancing design for pandemic influenza. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2006;12(11):1671-81.
Gojovic M, Sander B, Fisman D, Krahn M, Bauch C. Modelling mitigation strategies for pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Canadian Medical Association Journal; 2009;181(10): 673-80.
Haber M, Shay D, Davis X, Patel R, Jin X, et al. Effectiveness of interventions to reduce contact rates during a simulated influenza pandemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2007;13(4): 581-9.
Halder N, Kelso J, Milne G. Analysis of the effectiveness of interventions used during the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Public Health 2010a;10: 168.
Halder N, Kelso J, Milne G. Developing guidelines for school closure interventions to be used during a future influenza pandemic. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010b;10(1): 221.
House T, Baguelin M, van Hoek AJ, Flasche S, White P, et al. Can reactive school closures help critical care provision during the current influenza pandemic? PLoS Currents 2009; Oct 23;1
Kelso J, Milne G, Kelly H. Simulation suggests that rapid activation of social distancing can arrest epidemic development due to a novel strain of influenza. BMC Public Health 2009;9(1): RRN1119.
Lee B, Brown S, Cooley P, Potter M, Wheaton W, et al. Simulating school closure strategies to mitigate an influenza epidemic. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 2010;16(3): 252-61.
Lofgren ET, Rogers J, Senese M, Fefferman NH. Pandemic Preparedness Strategies for School Systems: Is Closure Really the Only Way? Ann Zool Fennici 2008;45: 449-58.
Milne G, Kelso J, Kelly H, Huband S, McVernon J. A small community model for the transmission of infectious diseases: comparison of school closure as an intervention in individual-based models of an influenza pandemic. PloS One 2008;3(12): e4005.
Morimoto T, Ishikawa H. Assessment of intervention strategies against a novel influenza epidemic using an individual-based model. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 2010;15(3): 151-61.
Perlroth DJ, Glass RJ, Davey VJ, Cannon D, Garber AM, Owens DK. Health Outcomes and Costs of Community Mitigation Strategies for an Influenza Pandemic in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010;50(2):165-74.
Roberts MG, Baker M, Jennings LC, Sertsou G, Wilson N. A model for the spread and control of pandemic influenza in an isolated geographical region. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2007;4(13):325-30.
Sander B, Nizam A, Garrison LP, Postma MJ, Halloran ME, Longini IM. Economic Evaluation of Influenza Pandemic Mitigation Strategies in the United States Using a Stochastic Microsimulation Transmission Model. Value in Health 2009;12(2): 226-33.
Sypsal V, Hatzakis A. School closure is currently the main strategy to mitigate influenza A(H1N1)v: a modeling study. Euro Surveillance 2009;14(24).
Vynnycky E, Edmunds WJ. Analyses of the 1957 (Asian) influenza pandemic in the United Kingdom and the impact of school closures. Epidemiology and Infection 2008; 136(2): 166-79.
Yasuda H, Yoshizawa N, Kimura M, Shigematsu M, Matsumoto M, et al. Preparedness for the Spread of Influenza: Prohibition of Traffic, School Closure, and Vaccination of Children in the Commuter Towns of Tokyo. Journal of Urban Health 2008;85(4):619-35.
Yasuda H, Suzuki K. Measures against transmission of pandemic H1N1 influenza in Japan in 2009: simulation model. Euro Surveillance 2009;14(44).
Zhang T, Fu X, Kwoh C, Xiao G, Wong L, et al. Temporal factors in school closure policy for mitigating the spread of influenza. J Public Health Policy 2011; 32(2): 180-97.
Modeling Studies, Effectiveness of School Dismissal + Other Interventions (2 Studies)
Halloran ME, Ferguson NM, Eubank S, Longini IM, Cummings DAT, et al. Modeling targeted layered containment of an influenza pandemic in the United States. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2008;105(12):4639-44.
Mniszewski SM, Del Valle SY, Stroud PD, Riese JM, Sydoriak SJ. Pandemic Simulation of Antivirals + School Closures: Buying Time Until Strain-Specific Vaccine Is Available. Comput Math Organ Theory 2008;14:209-21.