Effectiveness Review
Analytic Framework
[PDF – 886 KB] – see Figure 1 on page 276
When starting an effectiveness review, the systematic review team develops an analytic framework. The analytic framework illustrates how the intervention approach is thought to affect public health. It guides the search for evidence and may be used to summarize the evidence collected. The analytic framework often includes intermediate outcomes, potential effect modifiers, potential harms, and potential additional benefits.
The number of studies and publications do not always correspond (e.g., a publication may include several studies or one study may be explained in several publications).
Effectiveness Review
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The following outlines the search strategy for these group-based behavioral interventions to prevent or reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy, HIV, or other STIs: comprehensive risk reduction, and abstinence education interventions.
With the assistance of a CDC librarian, the team searched for published studies in the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, ERIC, POPLINE, NTIS, EPO, CRISP, and the online Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. In addition, we also reviewed references listed in all retrieved articles, published and unpublished reports provided by team members and elsewhere, and references from a search of an electronic database continuously updated and maintained by Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) in the Division of HIV and AIDS Prevention at CDC.
The teams considered studies for inclusion if they were:
- Published between 1988 and 2007
- Published in English
- Studies conducted in the United States
Keywords:
Portions of the search terms below in parentheses indicate allowances for variation of a keyword, such as the singular and plural versions.
- Adolescent(s)
- Teenager(s)
- Teen(s)
- Youth
- Young
- Student(s)
- School
- College
- Undergraduate
- (1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- HIV
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS
- AIDS
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- STD
- STI
- (11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 and prevent(ion/ing)
- Sex(ual) Behavior(s)
- (Sex(ual)) Risk(y) Behavior(s)
- Sex(ual) Risk Reduction
- Sex(ual) Risk Taking
- Sex(ual) Risk Avoidance
- Teen/adolescent/teenage pregnancy
- Unwanted pregnancy
- Unintended pregnancy
- Abstinence
- Postpon(ing) sex/intercourse
- Delay(ing) sex/intercourse
- Sexual Activity
- Sexual Acts
- Protected Sex
- Sexual Involvement
- Repeated Childbearing
- Repeat Pregnancies
- Parenting
- Cohabitation
- Mothers
- Fertility Control
- (18 through 39OR’d together)
- Program evaluation
- Outcome stud(ies)
- Primary Prevention
- Impact stu(dies)
- Follow-up stud(ies)
- Intervention
- Education
- Preventive/ion
- Evaluation/ing
- Program
- Promotion
- Outcome(s)
- Initiative
- Design
- (41through 54OR’d together)
- 10 and 40 and 55
Excluded Terms
Finally, to focus the search results to US-based studies, the following search terms/geographic locations were EXCLUDED:
- Africa
- Atlantic Islands
- Australia
- Britain/ish
- Canada
- Canad(ian)
- Caribbean Region
- Central Region
- Central America
- England
- Europe
- Greenland
- Indian Ocean Islands
- Latin America
- Mexico
- Oceania
- Pacific Islands (not Hawaii)
- South America
Note: This strategy was used rather than the INCLUSION of US-based studies because not all US-based studies are explicitly indexed as such; some allow for the assumption of a US-based study unless otherwise indicated.