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Effectiveness
Evaluation
The Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community
Guide) evaluates and makes recommendations
on population-based and public health interventions.
The Community Guide reviews evidence on effectiveness,
the applicability of effectiveness data (i.e.,
the extent to which available effectiveness
data is thought to apply to additional populations
and settings), the intervention's other effects
(i.e., important side effects), economic impact,
and barriers to implementation of interventions.
The steps for obtaining and evaluating evidence
into recommendations involve: 1) forming multidisciplinary
teams, 2) developing a conceptual approach
to organizing, grouping, selecting and evaluating
interventions; 3) selecting interventions to
be evaluated; 4) searching for and retrieving
evidence; 5) assessing the quality of and summarizing
the body of evidence on effectiveness; 6) translating
the body of evidence on effectiveness into
recommendations; 7) considering information
on evidence other than effectiveness; and 8)
identifying and summarizing areas for further
research.
Economic
Evaluation
Economic reviews are conducted for those interventions
found to be effective. This approach was chosen
because effectiveness is a prerequisite for
cost effectiveness; therefore, effectiveness
should generally be shown before economic efficiency
is assessed.
The methods for review of economic evaluations
in the Community Guide use explicit inclusion
criteria, abstraction and adjustment of results,
summary and interpretation of results, and
assessment of study quality. For each intervention
reviewed, studies using economic analytic techniques
are considered for inclusion if the study employs
one of the following analytic techniques: cost
analysis (CA), cost-benefit analysis (CBA),
cost-utility analysis (CUA), or cost-effectiveness
analysis (CEA). The abstraction process includes
summarizing information on 1) classification;
2) intervention description; 3) framing of
the study; 4) adjustment of summary measures;
and 5) a summary table of key parameters used
in the economic modeling. Quality assessment
is based on study design characteristics, costs,
outcome measures, and analysis.
top of page
| Effectiveness Evaluation |
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Developing
an evidence-based Guide to Community
Preventive
Services-methods. Peter A. Briss, Stephanie
Zaza, Marguerite Pappaioanou et al., Am
J Prev Med. 2000; 18 (1S): 35-43.
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Process
for assessing strength of a body of
evidence |
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Relationship
between strength of evidence and strength
of recommendation |
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Rules for
scoring limitations of studies |
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Data abstraction
form. The data abstraction form
is a standard instrument used to systematically
collect data from scientific reports in
development of the Guide.
Recommendations in the Guide are
based on this evidence. |
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| Economic Evaluation |
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Methods
for systematic reviews of economic evaluations
for the Guide to Community Preventive Services.
Vilma G. Carande-Kulis, Michael V. Maciosek,
Peter A. Briss et al., Am J Prev
Med. 2000;18(1S):75-91. |
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Economic
abstraction form. This economic
abstraction form is used to systematically
abstract
data
from economic evaluation studies and to
adjust results when appropriate to allow
for greater comparability between studies
employing differing methodologies. |
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Understanding and using the economic
evidence |
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| Introduction
to the Community Guide Methods (slide
set) |
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| Data
Collection Instrument and Procedure for
Systematic Reviews in the Guide to Community
Preventive Services. Zaza S, Wright-de
Aguero L, Briss PA, Truman BI, Hopkins DP,
Hennessy MH, Sosin DM, Anderson L, Carande-Kulis
VG, Teutsch SM, Pappaioanou M, Task Force
on Community Preventive Services. Am
J Prev Med. 2000: 18(1S); 44-74. |
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